In this study, optimization of quality properties of grape during cold storage was investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Effect of harvesting time in the ranges 5 - 35 days and cold storage time from 0 to 180 days on the flavor index, dextrose, total soluble solute, pH and acidity of Sorkh Fakhri Shahrood cultivar were investigated by Central Composite Design (CCD). Furthermore, the results showed that optimum conditions for harvesting and cold storage time were 18 and 123 days, respectively. At this optimum point, maturity index, dextrose, total soluble solute, pH and acidity were found to be 52.8, 277.06, 16.9, 4.12 and 0.32, respectively. Also, harvesting time after 5 days ripeness was realized as the worst conditions in order to preserve grape during 160 days.

The use of cold thermal energy storage systems (CTES) is to decrease power consumption in air conditioning systems. CTES systems have 2 types full operating mode (FOM) and partial operating mode (POM). Objective functions are considered as exergy efficiency and total annual cost because of releasing co2 of CTES systems. Multi-objective techniques are used in MOPSO and SEAP2 algorithm to optimize target functions. The fidings achieved from multi-objective analysis indicate a difference in the optimal amounts of design points compared to single- objective optimization, objective function 1 (exergy efficiency) and objective function2 (total annual costs). Also the report of studying this model represent that because of the use of CTES, there is reduction of electricity consumption. Also because of transferring cooling load from peak hours to low consumption and reduced power consumption, we have a reduction in operating costs comparing to a traditional air conditioning system. Finally, the results show that the payback period for an CTES system in partial storage mode is 3.43 years and for a full storage system is close to 3.88 years, however, due to further reduction of operating costs in full storage mode, the total stored cost of this system after the useful life of the set (15 years) is more than partial storage type. it should be noted that the use of the CTES system decreases the production of CO2, which reduces environmental pollution. Finally, the PCMs used in the construction industry are introduced and compared with each other in terms of exergy efficiency.

Introduction: The times of seed collection and storage have significant impacts on seed viability. This information is vitally needed for the management of seed production stations. Methods: Effects of two methods of cultivating maternal plants (irrigation or rainfed), five times of seed harvesting (early September, November, October, December, and January), two seed coat treatments (seed coat removal or control), and two types of seed storage (5 C and room temperature) were studied on seed germination of Salsola rigida, a semi-shrub species found in Neyshabur Seed Station, Khorasan Razavi Province. In each experiment, four replications of 25 seeds were tested in a germinator 14/10 hours of day/night. The germination test lasted for 20 days, and the total experiment duration lasted about 5 months. Seed germination percent was initially increased by increasing time from September to October. however, it was reduced towards zero in December and January. Results: it was found that methods of maternal cultivation, time of seed harvesting, and seed storage conditions had significant effects on seed germination of S. rigida. The seeds which were collected from the rain fed cultivation and those which were kept in a cold room (4 ℃ ) showed higher germination percentages than those collected from the irrigated cultivation and ambient storage. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is suggested that Salsola rigida seed be collected from Ashgabat station in Neyshabur in early November, and if they need to be stored, they should be kept under cod room conditions (4 ℃ ).

Background: Platelet microparticles (MPs) are produced automatically during platelet storage. Their size is about 0. 1 – 1 μ m and have ability for sub-endothelium adhering, strengthen of platelet aggregation and also platelet pre-coagulation. In fact, the release of membrane particles helps to signal to the neighbor cells or to seclude target cells from apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of time passing on platelet MPs production. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 units of PC from healthy donors were obtained. Sampling was done at 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after storage. After separating of MPs, they were prepared for flow cytometery analyses by anti-CD41a FITC and assessed their concentration through Bradford methods. Paired sample T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the results and investigatethe probable significant differences of this experiment. Results: There was no significant difference in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 2 and 3. (P> 0. 05) On the other hand, we could claim significant differences in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 3 and day 5 and also between day 5 and day 7. (P< 0. 05) Conclusions: We showed that the production or releasing of platelet MPs were considerable by passing time. Alsoby increasing of storage time, platelet component included more MPs which were able to signal and produce interaction with other cells in patient receiving bodies. As a result, it was possible to interfere in their immune responses, inflammatory or coagulation processes after transfusion.

Background and Objectives According to our national standards, whole blood units are stored at 22±2°C prior to processing. Since there has been no study about the quality of RBCs prepared after the storage of whole blood units at 22±2oC in Iran, we decided to investigate the quality effect of whole blood stored for 8 and 24 hours at this temperature.Materials and Methods Twelve whole blood units in pediatric bags were collected and placed in the cooling plate box.After 8 and 24 hours, RBCs were produced from these stored units. Then, the bags were analyzed for hemolysis, 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, and sodium.Results Although a higher percentage of hemolysis, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and lower 2, 3-DPG, sodium and glucose levels were determined in RBCs prepared after the 24-hour WB storing time, no significant differences, except for 2, 3 DPG, were observed between 8-hour (205±12) and 24-hour (113±13) WB storing time periods.Conclusions Although storing whole blood at 22±2oC for 24 hours prior to RBCs production had an impact on its quality, the property of prepared components is defined to be within an acceptable range of quality control.

Extended abstract Introduction: This study investigated the effects of storage temperature, humidity, and storage duration on the germination indices of German chamomile seeds. Given the significant impact of storage conditions on seed quality, the primary objective was to standardize optimal storage methods for this medicinal plant. The research aimed to evaluate the influence of seed moisture content, storage temperature, and storage periods on the germination performance of German chamomile seeds. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in 2019 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University. It was designed as a split-split plot arrangement within a completely randomized design, with four storage temperature levels (15, 25, 35, and 45°C), three seed moisture content levels (8, 12, and 16%), and six storage durations (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days). Initial seed moisture content was measured, and the desired moisture levels were adjusted using specific formulas. Germination tests and related indices, such as germination percentage and germination rate, were conducted. Data were analyzed using SAS software. Results: The results from the mean comparison of the interaction between storage duration and seed moisture content at temperatures of 15, 25, 35, and 45°C revealed that germination percentage significantly decreased as storage duration increased. The lowest germination percentage was observed after 180 days of storage at 16% seed moisture content. Similarly, germination rate decreased significantly across all temperatures with prolonged storage. Seedling growth analysis under different storage conditions showed a significant reduction in root, shoot, and seedling length at all temperatures as storage duration increased. The shortest lengths of these components were observed after 180 days of storage at 16% seed moisture content, attributed to seed aging and reduced germination capacity. Increasing seed moisture content from 8% to 12% resulted in an average decrease of 9% in germination percentage and 5% in germination rate. Further increasing moisture content from 8% to 16% led to a more substantial average reduction of 73% in germination percentage and 72% in germination rate. Raising storage temperature from 15°C to 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C resulted in average decreases in germination percentage of 9%, 25%, and 42%, respectively. Similarly, germination rate decreased by 14%, 33%, and 43% at this respective temperature. Conclusions: Overall, the results indicate a decline in the germination indices of German chamomile seeds with increasing seed moisture content and storage temperature. The optimal seed moisture content of 8% and a storage temperature of 15°C were identified as the most suitable conditions for maintaining seed quality. Highlights: The optimal storage environment for German chamomile seeds was determined. The effects of inappropriate storage conditions on the physiological traits of German chamomile seeds were examined.

Pollen storage could facilitate the date palm hand pollination through saving time and space. The main concern is maintaining pollen viability, which is greatly cultivar dependent and is influenced by storage condition. In this study, to address this issue, the effects of cultivar, storage temperature, and time on pollen germination were investigated. A factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates using four cultivars ‘Kazeroon (7013) ’, ‘Lar (7035) ’, ‘Darab (7016) ’ and ‘Qyr-va Karzin (7021) ’, four storage temperatures (RT (20 ± 5), 4, -20 and -80°C) and six storage periods (60, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 375 days). Anova of data showed significant effects of variety, storage temperature, storage time and their interactions on pollen germination. The pollen germination rate increased with decreasing temperature. When pollens were stored for up to 150 days, the germination rates of all varieties initially increased then decreased. Overall, the optimum temperature for preserving pollen grains of tested cultivars is -80oC and the highest pollen grain longevity is related to ‘Qyr-va Karzin (7021) ’ after one year.